The coronavirus is still spreading across the EU, affecting our lives in many ways. National governments have taken different restrictive measures to curb the spread of the virus and to protect lives. The situation is changing fast and so is the response by the individual EU Member States. Below you will find some links to relevant official sources of information.
Download the app 'Re-open EU' informing about various measures in place, including on quarantine and testing requirements for travellers, the EU Digital COVID certificate etc.
Digital Green Certificate page (so-called 'Covid passport')
Re-open EU (a tool to check travel restrictions of the departure and destination country)
The EU's response to the corona virus
Overview of the latest meetings regarding Covid-19
As of 1 January 2021, the level of protection of passengers travelling between the EU and the United Kingdom will be affected, as the UK will be a third country.
This means that EU air passenger rights will continue to apply to flights operated from the UK to the EU by an EU airline, or to flights operated from the EU to the UK, whether operated by an EU or a UK airline. They will not however apply to UK-operated flights from the UK to the EU.
Nonetheless, the Agreement provides that both Parties will guarantee that effective measures are put in place to protect access to information for passengers, passengers with disabilities and reduced mobility, reimbursement and compensation, and the efficient handling of complaints.
Source: European Commission Press corner
10 June 2016 the European Commission released new interpretive guidelines that aims to explain more clearly a number of provisions contained in the Regulation, in particular in the light of the Court’s case law so that the current rules can be more effectively and consistently enforced. These guidelines are intended to tackle the issues most frequently raised by national enforcement bodies, passengers and their associations, the European Parliament and industry representatives. They replace previous information such as frequently asked questions and related answers, etc. published on the Commission’s website.
They do not seek to cover all provisions in an exhaustive manner, nor do they create any new legal provisions. It should also be noted that interpretative guidelinesare without prejudice to the interpretation of Union law provided by the Court. These guidelines also relate to Council Regulation (EC) No 2027/97 of 9 October 1997 on air carrier liability in the event of accidents as amended by Regulation (EC) No 889/2002 of the European Parliament and of the Council and to the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air (the Montreal Convention).
Regulation (EC) No 889/2002 serves a twofold purpose: firstly, aligning EU legislation on air carriers’ liability in respect of passengers and their baggage with the provisions of the Montreal Convention, to which the EU is one of the contracting parties, and secondly, extending the application of the Convention’s rules to air services provided within the territory of a Member State. These interpretative guidelines should help to ensure better application and enforcement of the Regulation.
Source: European Commission
Council Regulation (EC) No 2027/97 defines and harmonises the obligations of Community air carriers as regards the nature and limits of their liability in the event of accidents to passengers. The Regulation applies to damage sustained in the event of death, wounding or any other bodily injury to a passenger if the accident in question took place on board an aircraft or during any of the embarking or disembarking operations. The liability of an air carrier (air transport undertaking) for damage sustained by a passenger or a passenger's baggage in the event of an accident cannot be subject to any financial limit defined by law, convention or contract. The carrier can be discharged of his liability only by proving that the damage was caused by the negligence of the injured or deceased passenger. The Community air carrier is obliged to pay the victims or those entitled to compensation an advance proportional to the damage sustained not later than 15 days after identification of the victim.
Community air carriers must inform passengers of the provisions relating to their liability in the event of accident and the compensation of victims, in particular by including them in the conditions of carriage.
Regulation (EC) No 889/2002 brings the Community arrangements fully into line with the new international rules (Montreal Convention). The aim is to harmonise liability limits and legal defences in respect of European carriers, irrespective of the route (internal, intra-Community, international) on which the accident occurs. A new Convention unifying certain rules relating to international carriage by air was signed in Montreal on 28 May 1999, setting new global rules on liability in the event of accidents in international air transport. This Convention provides for a regime of unlimited liability in the event of the death or injury of air passengers and lays down a number of additional provisions.
Accordingly, Regulation (EC) No 2027/97 has been amended to bring it into line with the provisions of the Montreal Convention, by setting up a uniform system of air transport liability. The obligation of insurance is to be understood as requiring that a Community air carrier must be insured up to a level that is adequate to ensure that all persons entitled to compensation receive the full amount to which they are entitled in accordance with the Regulation.
Air carriers must provide each passenger with a written indication of:
Air carriers' liability in respect of passengers and their baggage relates to:
Any action in court to claim damages must be brought within two years from the date of arrival of the aircraft, or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived.
Source: EUR-Lex
Europe has one of the best aviation safety records in the world thanks to the effective implementation of high standards. Working in close cooperation with safety authorities in Member States, other countries and international aviation organisations, the European Union strives to raise these standards across the world. However, some airlines still operate in conditions which fall below essential and internationally recognised safety levels.
To improve safety further, the European Commission – in close consultation with the aviation safety authorities of all Member States – has decided to ban certain airlines from operating in European airspace, because they are found to be unsafe and/or they are not sufficiently overseen by their authorities.
To consult the list of banned airlines, you can download the document.
Source: European Commission
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Regulation 261/2004 applies to all flights within the EU, and flights to the EU by any EU airline. It does not apply to flights arriving the EU from outside the EU, that are operated by a non-EU airline.
The new Montreal Convention of 1999 introduced a uniform legal framework to govern air carrier liability in the event of damage caused to passengers, baggage or goods during international journeys.
At Community level, and to ensure a uniform system, Regulation (EC) No 2027/97 imposes unlimited liability on Community air carriers in the event of death or injury to passengers. This Regulation was amended by Regulation (EC) No 889/2002, which applied the rules of the Montreal Convention to all flights, whether domestic or international, operated by Community air carriers.
The new agreement introduces a new comprehensive legal framework, the most important contributions of which are as follows:
In case of baggage delay, the air carrier is liable for damage unless it took all reasonable measures to avoid the damage or it was impossible to take such measures. The liability for baggage delay is limited to 1000 SDRs (~€1,220).
The air carrier is liable for destruction, loss or damage to baggage up to 1000 SDRs (approximate amount in local currency). In the case of checked baggage, it is liable even if not at fault, unless the baggage was defective. In the case of unchecked baggage, the carrier is liable only if at fault.
A passenger can benefit from a higher liability limit by making a special declaration at the latest at check-in and by paying a supplementary fee.
If the baggage is damaged, delayed, lost or destroyed, the passenger must write and complain to the air carrier as soon as possible. In the case of damage to checked baggage, the passenger must write and complain within seven days, and in the case of delay within 21 days, in both cases from the date on which the baggage was placed at the passenger's disposal.
Any action in court to claim damages must be brought within two years from the date of arrival of the aircraft, or from the date on which the aircraft ought to have arrived.
Source: EUR-Lex
Regulation (EC) No 1107/2006 is part of a general plan to reinforce passenger rights on all forms of transport. Persons placed at a disadvantage by reduced mobility, whether caused by disability, age or another factor, should have opportunities for air travel comparable to those of other citizens. The Regulation on the rights of persons with reduced mobility when using air transport prohibits operators from refusing reservation or boarding to persons because of their disability*.
There are certain exceptions and derogations, however, particularly for justified safety reasons established by law. An air carrier may refuse to accept a reservation from or to embark a person with reduced mobility or request that a travelling person with reduced mobility must be accompanied by another person, in order to meet applicable safety requirements duly established by law or if the size of the aircraft makes it physically impossible to embark that person.
Within five working days of refusing a reservation or embarkation or requiring a person with reduced mobility to be accompanied, the air carrier must inform in writing the person concerned of its reasons for doing so.
Persons with reduced mobility are entitled to receive assistance free of charge in airports (on departure, arrival and during transit) and on board aircrafts (for example, the transport of wheelchairs and the carriage of guide dogs for the blind). The managing bodies of airports should provide this assistance and fund the services by levying charges on airlines.
*"Disabled person" or "person with reduced mobility": any person whose mobility when using transport is reduced due to any physical disability (sensory or locomotor, permanent or temporary), intellectual disability or impairment, or any other cause of disability, or age, and whose situation needs appropriate attention and the adaptation to his or her particular needs of the service made available to all passengers.
Source: European Commission
EU rules say that passengers are entitled to receive compensation for problems with air travel. If the flight is overbooked or cancelled, the passenger is entitled to financial compensation. Airlines are always obliged to offer assistance.
The EU has set minimum standards for air passenger rights to compensation and assistance in the event of overbooking, cancellation or long delay of flights. The rules apply to all flights, including charter flights and package holidays, starting from an EU airport. Both European airlines and airlines from other parts of the world covered.
The rules also apply where the flight takes place from third countries into an EU airport. In that case, however, requires that the flight is conducted by a European airline and that there are no local rules on compensation in the country of origin. The rules do not apply to overseas airlines flying to Europe from other parts of the world.
At overbooking, the airline must first ask for passengers who are voluntarily willing to give up their reservations for a compensation, the carrier and the passenger may agree upon. Are there not enough volunteers the airline is obliged to financially compensate those who are denied boarding against their will. The amount of compensation depends on the distance.
The compensation shall be paid in cash, at the passenger's bank account, by bank transfer or by check. If the passenger accepts it, compensation may consist of travel vouchers or other services.
Note: Vouchers or other services may have a time restriction and may only be valid at a particular airline!
When downgraded, e.g. when a passenger receives a seat on the plane corresponding to a lower class of service than that of the reservation, the airline should reimburse between 30 and 75 percent of the ticket price, depending on flight length.
Financial compensation is also paid to passengers of a flight that is cancelled and has not been informed at least two weeks prior to travel. Travellers who are notified within the two weeks, are not entitled to compensation if the airline can offer a re-routing to the destination which is similar to the cancelled flight.
If the flight is cancelled because of extraordinary circumstances, such as security threats, the airline may not pay compensation.
Travellers who are victims of overbooking or cancellations should in addition to the financial compensation receive assistance. The right to assistance also applies to passengers who face long delays. Depending on how long the delay, the right to assistance varies depending on the distance, from at least two hours for short flights to at least four hours for longer.
The right to assistance means that the carrier should, for free, offer:
There are EU rules that provide protection when buying travel packages, vacation packages and the like. It applies to all packages purchased in the EU, even if the trip goes to a destination outside the EU.
The directive includes the following:
EU rules on compensation and assistance for passengers facing denied boarding, cancellation or long delay also applies to package holidays. However, It only applies if the package holiday is interrupted because of a cancellation.
If you believe that you have a valid complaint against an airline regarding denied boarding, downgrading, cancellation or long delay, you should first contact the air carrier that operated the flight or the tour operator.
A package requires the following two conditions to be met: the service provided must cover a period of more than twenty-four hours and must be sold at an inclusive price. Any brochure made available to the consumer must indicate clearly and accurately:
The information contained in the brochure is binding on the organiser. Before the contract is concluded, the organiser is required to provide, in writing, certain information on passports, visas (periods for obtaining them) and health formalities.
Before the start of the journey, the organiser must supply in writing:
The terms laid down by the Directive are to be set out in writing in the contract. The consumer may transfer his or her booking to another person. The prices stipulated in the contract may not be changed unless the contract expressly provides for the possibility. In such a case, only variations in transportation costs, dues, taxes or fees chargeable and exchange rates may be reflected in the price. If the organiser alters the contract significantly, the consumer may either withdraw from the contract without penalty or accept a rider to the contract.
If the consumer withdraws from the contract or if the organiser cancels the package, the consumer is entitled either to take an alternative package or to be reimbursed the sums paid. Where appropriate, the consumer is entitled to be compensated for non-performance of the contract.
The organiser is responsible for the failure to perform or the improper performance of the contract, except where the consumer is at fault or for reasons of force majeure.
Source: European Commission
Air passengers can only take liquids with them in individual containers with a maximum capacity of 100 milliliters each. These containers should be packed in one transparent, re-sealable plastic bag of not more than one litre capacity per passenger. Passengers are only allowed bringing liquids in small quantities or if these are really needed during the journey for example medicines or baby food. All other liquids have to be packed in the checked baggage.
These rules apply to all passengers departing from airports in the EU whatever their destination. At security checkpoints, you and your hand luggage must be checked for liquids in addition to other prohibited articles.
However, the new rules do not limit the liquids that you can buy at shops located beyond the point where you show your boarding pass or on board an aircraft operated by an EU airline. The new rules apply from Monday, 6 November 2006 at all airports in the EU and in Norway, Iceland and
Switzerland until further notice.
Liquids include :
You are only allowed to take small quantities of liquids in your hand luggage. These liquids must be in individual containers with a maximum capacity of 100 millilitres each. You must pack these containers in one transparent, re-sealable plastic bag of not more than one litre capacity per passenger.
To help screeners detect liquids, you must :
All these liquids are additional to the quantities in the resealable plastic bag mentioned above.
If you have any doubts, please ask your airline or travel agent in advance of travel.
Duty free liquids purchased from any airport or airline may be carried as hand luggage as long as the item and the receipt remain sealed inside the security bag (with a red border) provided at the time of purchase. You may not open the security bag until arrival at your final destination. However, security officers may need to open the bag and the bottles for screening. If this happens, and you have a connecting flight at another airport, tell the security officer so the liquids can be re-sealed in a new security bag.
Any sharp objects that might be used as weapons are not allowed in the aircraft cabin. These could be everyday objects such as corkscrews knives and scissors of a certain size, which should be packed in your hold luggage.
Limits on the size of cabin baggage and the number of items you are allowed to take on board are set by the airlines so check with your airline before you travel.
Explosives and inflammable items - fireworks or aerosol spray paint for example, and other inflammable and toxic substances such as acids - are prohibited on flights. They may not be carried in either cabin or checked baggage.
No weapons of any kind are allowed on board the aircraft.
Source: European Commission Mobility & Transport
When an air carrier reasonably expects to deny boarding on a flight, it first calls for volunteers to surrender their reservations in exchange for certain benefits. If an insufficient number of volunteers come forward to allow the remaining passengers to board the flight, the air carrier may then deny boarding to passengers against their will, in which case it must compensate them.
Air carriers give priority to persons with reduced mobility and any persons accompanying them. In the event of denied boarding, the passengers concerned have the right to:
compensation totalling;
This Regulation is applicable to all worldwide airlines when departure takes place within the EU and, in the case of flights from outside the EU to a destination within the EU, only to airlines licensed in a Member State of the EU.
The Regulation introduces a three-tier system:
when the delay is five hours or longer, passengers may opt for reimbursement of the full cost of the ticket together with, when relevant, a return flight to the first point of departure.
The 4 September, 2014 the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled on a definition for arriving at a destination. Articles 2, 5 and 7 of Regulation (EC) No 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights, and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 295/91, must be interpreted as meaning that the concept of ‘arrival time’, which is used to determine the length of the delay to which passengers on a flight have been subject, refers to the time at which at least one of the doors of the aircraft is opened, the assumption being that, at that moment, the passengers are permitted to leave the aircraft.
In a ruling, November 2009, the Court of Justice of the European Union changed the interpretation of Regulation (EC) 261/2004 regarding flight delays, to include cash compensation similar to flight cancellations if the delay is three hours or longer at the destination. However, this unless the airline can prove that the delay was caused by ‘extraordinary’ circumstances. Before the ruling cash compensation was only rewarded for cancelled flights but not for delays. Flight delays prior to the ruling gave the passenger the right to assistance free of charge as mentioned above. These rights still apply to the air passengers when faced with a delay.
This Regulation is applicable to all worldwide airlines when departure takes place within the EU and, in the case of flights from outside the EU to a destination within the EU, only to airlines licensed in a Member State of the EU.
Regulation 261/2004 applies to all flights within the EU, and flights to the EU by any EU airline. It does not apply to flights arriving in EU from outside the EU, that are operated by a non-EU airline. Below are suggestions of free contact points in case you need further assistance.
A European Consumer Centre (ECC) supported by the European Commission exists in every EU country as well as in Iceland and Norway. The centres are there to help travellers who have difficulties in having their rights respected, such as the right to be reimbursed or re-routed to the final destination and right to obtain meals and accommodation. Follow the link for full contact details for ECCs for all countries and links to national websites.
The EU rules oblige Member States to nominate or create “national enforcement bodies”, whose role is to verify that transport operators are treating all passengers in accordance with their rights. Passengers who believe they have not been treated correctly should contact the body in the country where the incident took place. Contact the National Enforcement Body for your specific mode of transport.
The Europe Direct central information service helps you find answers to your questions about the European Union. It offers information on all sorts of subjects related to the EU including your rights and opportunities as an EU citizen and how to take advantage of them. It can provide direct responses to general inquiries and, if you have more detailed questions, signpost you to the best source of information and advice at EU, national, regional and local levels.
A cancelled flight is when your original flight:
You won't receive compensation if:
In the event of flight cancellation the passengers have the right to:
compensation totalling:
If the carrier offered you an alternative flight with a similar schedule, the compensation may be reduced by 50%.
For cancellation due to extraordinary circumstances you may not have the right to compensation, the carrier must still offer you either:
Even in extraordinary circumstances, airlines must provide assistance when necessary, while you are waiting for alternative transport.
This Regulation is applicable to all worldwide airlines when departure takes place within the EU and, in the case of flights from outside the EU to a destination within the EU, only to airlines licensed in a Member State of the EU.
Wednesday, 26 April 20231 retweet
You might be entitled to receive compensation for problems with air travel. If the flight is overbooked or cancelled, the passenger is entitled to financial compensation.
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Cancelled or delayed flight? Lost luggage or denied boarding? Find out how to complain and exercise your Air Passenger Rights in the European Union.
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